Anal cancer targets changed substantially during chemoradiotherapy despite standard PTV margins
Across 212 CBCTs, 36.8% showed target extensions >10 mm beyond the planning PTV despite progressive overall CTV shrinkage.
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Anal Cancer
T1 anal cancer achieved durable organ preservation after definitive radiotherapy
Across 32 years of T1 anal cancer treatment, five-year colostomy-free survival reached 85.3%, with no treatment-related colostomies.
Two-week PACTUS radiotherapy showed feasibility in frail patients with anal cancer
PACTUS 40 Gy/10 produced 30-month median survival in 28 selected frail patients, but incomplete response and toxicity data limit efficacy conclusions.
Older patients maintained recurrence control after definitive anal cancer chemoradiotherapy
Patients aged ≥70 had similar recurrence outcomes after definitive chemoradiotherapy despite inferior overall survival and greater competing mortality.
Interpretable AI separated three-year anal cancer relapse risk after chemoradiotherapy
An explainable model separated three-year local relapse rates of 11% versus 39%, but lacks independent external validation.
Anal cancer radiotherapy–immunotherapy trials remain too heterogeneous for direct comparison
Twelve trials used 14 immunotherapy regimens with major differences in eligibility, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endpoints, and translational analysis.
Most PLATO quality-of-life deficits recovered by six months, but advanced disease remained burdensome
Most treatment-related deficits improved by six months, although bowel and sexual problems persisted in several standard-dose and locally advanced groups.
Simultaneous integrated boost chemoradiotherapy was linked to better disease-free survival in anal cancer
Simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy was associated with 96% two-year disease-free survival versus 70% with sequential boost in anal cancer.
Bone marrow-sparing radiotherapy lowers pelvic marrow dose without proven toxicity reduction
Bone marrow-sparing planning reduced pelvic marrow dose, but heterogeneous evidence did not confirm a consistent reduction in hematologic toxicity.
Quality of life remains impaired after chemoradiotherapy for anal squamous cell carcinoma
Patients reported persistently worse quality of life and functioning approximately two years after chemoradiotherapy than matched individuals without cancer.