Three commercial AI models produced broadly usable head-and-neck contours, reducing review time to five minutes, but anatomical definitions differed importantly between vendors.
In 93 glioma cases, a five-parameter CTV model reproduced physician contours and achieved similar blinded clinical quality ratings.
Second-generation AI reduced rectal radiotherapy contouring time from 41 to 17 minutes while improving accuracy and consistency.
Substantial physician-dependent dose variation meant treatment-group assignment did not consistently reflect the dose actually delivered to regional nodes.