Breathing-phase targeting reduced normal-tissue dose in proton lung radiotherapy
Planning on selected respiratory phases reduced lung, heart and esophageal dose, but the optimal phase differed by toxicity endpoint.
Planning on selected respiratory phases reduced lung, heart and esophageal dose, but the optimal phase differed by toxicity endpoint.
A 30–70% gating window reduced planning target volume by 34% and mean lung dose by 0.75 Gy without compromising coverage.
Respiratory gating more than halved cranio-caudal motion, while motion-related target-dose deviations largely diminished after accumulation across more than three fractions.
Hybrid phase-amplitude gating restored dose agreement during regular motion, while irregular breathing increased treatment time and produced inconsistent accuracy.