Modern proton techniques reduce cardiopulmonary dose and can control skin exposure, while randomized cardiac and cancer-control endpoints remain pending.
A 2D antiscatter grid reduced soft-tissue CT-number error from 169 to 38 HU at unchanged imaging dose.
Daily surface changes shifted proton beam depth by up to 17.4 mm and reduced accumulated target D99 by up to 24.3%.
Planning on selected respiratory phases reduced lung, heart and esophageal dose, but the optimal phase differed by toxicity endpoint.
Only 10.7% of T2 MRI radiomics features remained highly stable across fat-saturation protocols, and stability filtering improved prediction.
Surgical transfer reduced contralateral submandibular mean dose by approximately 12 Gy during bilateral IMPT without compromising target coverage.
PATLESL increased lattice peak-to-valley dose ratio from 16.9 to 41.9 while reducing spot number and delivery time.
Energy-layer-wise compensation restored millimetre-level proton targeting despite magnetic-field beam shifts approaching 30 mm in an MR-integrated prototype.
Blocking DNA double-strand-break repair enhanced proton response across seven uveal melanoma spheroid models, with DNA-PK inhibition showing the strongest effect.
Across 27 years of COG trials, IMRT/VMAT replaced 3D photons while proton use expanded to nearly 40% of radiotherapy patients.
Grade 2–3 dermatitis reached 71% with protons versus 20% with photons, but resolved within weeks and other acute toxicity was similar.
OPT-former matched a three-network segmentation pipeline while processing eye images 2.6 times faster and improved further with patient-specific fine-tuning.
Combined high-dose and high-LET exposure around breast implants was associated with severe capsular contracture after proton postmastectomy radiotherapy.
A DAHANCA 35 patient decision aid was feasible and acceptable, but its value depended strongly on clinician introduction and engagement.
Hollow 3D-printed proton collimators and compensators were produced within 45 minutes and accurately shaped small experimental proton fields.